Understanding Autism and ADHD: The Importance of Professional Diagnosis and Spirituality

By Anna Ram~ Psychologist~ Pastoral Integrative Counseling.

Navigating the world of neurodevelopmental disorders like Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD can be a daunting journey for individuals and their families.

The Genetic Component and Diagnosis

From a neuroscience perspective, both Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have a significant genetic component. Research indicates that these brain disorders often run in families, suggesting a hereditary influence. Symptoms typically emerge in childhood but are frequently diagnosed in adolescence or adulthood. This delay can lead to challenges in mental health and well-being, as individuals may struggle with untreated symptoms for years.

As awareness of these neurodevelopmental disorders grows, many individuals seek information to understand their experiences. However, it’s crucial to avoid self-diagnosis. It is highly recommended to seek  professional diagnosis to understand the complexities of these disorders as both conditions can present similarly but require professional evaluation for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment in a multidimensional or multimodal approach.

Symptoms and Treatments

Symptoms of AUSTISM can include difficulties with social interactions, communication challenges, and repetitive behaviors. ADHD symptoms often involve inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.

A comprehensive approach that considers both conditions is essential for effective management. Treatment options also vary. This may include behavioral interventions, educational approaches such as individualized education programs (IEP), and specialized teaching methods (STM), social skills training, family support, community support, other alternative therapies, other professionals such as occupational therapist and speech and language therapist. Of course, Medication such as Ritalin and Adderall has normally been prescribed. But recent findings are saying something different. (for more on this approach, please listen to the podcast cited below. (skip the adds, and I hope you can access it without the subscription.)

High Functioning Autism (HFA) is a term often used to describe individuals on the autism spectrum who have average or above-average intelligence and can manage many daily tasks independently. However, they may still face challenges in social communication, sensory processing, and other areas related to autism. The term “high functioning” is somewhat controversial, as it can oversimplify the experiences of individuals with autism and may not fully capture the support they may need. For instance: Letting school know (for fears of rejection, stigmatization, discrimination, etc.,) so they make school accommodations for the student as they have the resources available. Healing Testimony.

The Rise of AuDHD

Recently, the term AuDHD has emerged to describe individuals who have both Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD.) This co-occurrence can complicate diagnosis and treatment, as symptoms from both conditions can overlap. The rise in awareness of AuDHD highlights the need for tailored management strategies that address the unique challenges faced by these individuals.

Gender Differences in Diagnosis

Interestingly, the presentation of these disorders can differ between genders. Men are often diagnosed earlier due to more overt symptoms, while women may exhibit subtler signs, leading to underdiagnosis. Women might experience ADHD paralysis, where overwhelming tasks lead to inaction, a symptom less recognized in men. Neuroscience research suggests that hormonal differences and brain structure variations may contribute to these discrepancies in diagnosis.

Risks of Substance Abuse

Individuals with autism and ADHD may be at a higher risk for developing alcohol, tobacco, and drug addictions. This can stem from attempts to cope with social challenges or emotional distress. Neuroscience indicates that the brain’s reward pathways may function differently in these individuals, making them more susceptible to substance use as a coping mechanism.

The Social and Emotional Intelligence Components of Human Relationships Science

Social intelligence  refers to the ability to understand and navigate social situations, while Emotional intelligence involves recognizing and managing one’s own emotions and the emotions of others. Psychologist Daniel Goleman says that emotional intelligence is a key factor in personal and professional success, influencing how we interact with others and handle stress. For individuals, developing these intelligences can significantly enhance their quality of life.

 Engaging in social skills training and emotional regulation strategies can help them better understand social cues, improve relationships, and manage emotional responses, ultimately leading to greater well-being.

How Should We See and Treat These Children or Adults?

The neurodiversity movement advocates for the acceptance and inclusion of individuals with neurological differences. It promotes the idea that conditions like Autism and ADHD are not deficits but rather variations of human experience. This perspective encourages society to embrace diversity in cognitive functioning and to provide support that respects individual differences.

When it comes to Faith and Spirituality…

Faith and spirituality are empowering for parents and individuals with family members experiencing diversity in cognitive, social, and emotional functioning, such as those on the autism spectrum or with ADHD, in several ways,  such as:

• Giving you a Sense of Community: Faith-based support networks, resources, encouragement, and  shared values that foster a sense of belonging and understanding.
• Emotional Resilience: Our spiritual practices help individuals to manage stress and anxiety  providing emotional relief. (these children who adopt a strong faith commitment are less prone to the risks of substance abuse.)
• Faith instills  Hope and Positivity and a sense of purpose.
• There is Guidance and Wisdom through spiritual teachings and role models.
• There is empowerment through Acceptance about the uniqueness and differences.
• There is Encouragement to Advocate for your children’s needs and rights.
• Spirituality focuses also on the whole person and sees you as a whole human being.  
• Inspiration: Faith can inspire you to recognize your and their potential beyond cognitive differences.

ONLINE RESOURCES

Here are some reputable sources that provide information on Autism and ADHD, and related topics:

Abrams, R., Host. Tough, P., Guest. The Daily. How We Been Thinking About A.D.H.D. All Wrong? The Daily, The New York Times. Podcasts apple. 16 June 2025. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/have-we-been-thinking-about-a-d-h.

American Psychiatric Association (APA): APA – Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Speaks: Autism Speaks

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)  English and Spanish versions CDC – Autism Spectrum Disorder

Goleman, D. (2006). Social Intelligence. Bantam Dell.

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Website: NIMH – Autism Spectrum Disorder